Problem Set Seven Solutions free essay sample

Two car manufacturers, Saab and Volvo, have fixed costs of $1 billion and constant marginal costs of $10,000 per car. If Saab produces 50,000 cars per year and Volvo produces 200,000, calculate the average fixed cost and average total cost for each company. On the basis of these costs, which company’s market share should grow in relative terms? Answer: Average total cost is average fixed cost plus marginal cost: ATC = FC/Q + MC. Volvo’s average fixed cost $1 billion/200,000 = 5,000 is much less than Saab’s average fixed cost $1 billion/50,000 = 20,000 due to producing more cars. Volvo’s average production cost $15,000 is lower than Saab’s of $30,000 by the difference in average fixed costs. Volvo’s market share should grow relative to Saab’s. 6. What is the socially desirable price for a natural monopoly to charge? Why will a natural monopoly that attempts to charge the socially optimal price invariably suffer an economic loss? Answer: The socially desirable price to charge is the one at which the marginal benefit to consumers equals the marginal cost of production. We will write a custom essay sample on Problem Set Seven Solutions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, natural monopolies usually have very large fixed costs and relatively low marginal costs. The high fixed costs mean that average cost is greater than marginal cost, so that charging a price equal to marginal cost implies economic losses. 8. Suppose that Aggieland Cinema is a local monopoly whose demand curve for regular adult tickets on Saturday night is P = 12 2Q, where P is the price of a ticket in dollars and Q is the number of tickets sold in hundreds.   The demand for student tickets on Sunday afternoon is P = 8 3Q, and for regular adult tickets on Sunday afternoon, P = 10 4Q. On both Saturday night and Sunday afternoon, the marginal cost of an additional patron, student or not, is $2. What is the marginal revenue curve in each of the three markets? Answer: The marginal revenue curves are MR = 12 4Q adult Saturday night, MR = 8 6Q student Sunday afternoon, and MR = 10 8Q adult Sunday afternoon. b. What price should the cinema charge in each of the three markets to maximize profits? Answer: The cinema should pick quantity to set marginal revenue equal to marginal cost in each market and then set price for that quantity based on the demand curve for each market: 12 4Q = 2 yields Q = 250, so P = 12 2Q = 12 5 = $7 for regular adults on Saturday night. 6Q = 2 yields Q = 100, so P = 8 3Q = 8 3 = $5 for students on Sunday afternoon. 10 8Q = 2 yields Q = 100, so P = 10 4Q = 10 4 = $6 for regular adults on Sunday afternoon. 9. Suppose you are a monopolist in the market for a specific video game. Your demand curve is given by P = 80 Q/2, and your marginal cost curve is MC = Q. Your fixed costs equal $400. a. Graph the demand and marginal cost curve. b. Derive and graph (above) the marginal revenue curve. Answer: MR = 80 Q graphed above. c. Calculate and indicate on the graph the equilibrium price and quantity. Answer: Pick quantity to set marginal revenue equal to marginal cost: 80 Q = Q so Q = 40. Set price for that quantity based on the demand curve P = 80 Q/2 = 80 40/2 = 80 20 = 60. d. What is your profit? Answer: Total revenue is price times quantity TR = PQ = (60)(40) = 2400. Total cost is fixed cost plus average marginal cost times quantity TC = 400 + (40)(40)/2 = 400 + 800 = 1200. Profit = total revenue total cost = 2400 1200 = 1200. e. What is the level of consumer surplus? Answer: Consumer surplus is (1/2)(80 60)(40) = 400. 10. Beth is a second-grader who sells lemonade on a street corner in your neighborhood. Each cup of lemonade costs Beth 20 cents to produce; she has no fixed costs. The reservation prices for the 10 people who walk by Beth’s lemonade stand each hour are listed in the table below. Beth knows the distribution of reservation prices (that is, she knows one person is willing to pay $1. 00, another $0. 90, and so on), but does not know any specific individual’s reservation price. a. Calculate the marginal revenue of selling an additional cup of lemonade. Start by figuring out the price Beth would charge if she produced only one cup of lemonade, and calculate the total revenue; then find the price she would charge if she sold two cups of lemonade; and so on. ) Person Reservation price Quantity in cups Total revenue Marginal revenue A B C D E F G H I J $1. 00 $0. 90 $0. 80 $0. 70 $0. 60 $0. 50 $0. 40 $0. 30 $0. 20 $0. 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $1. 00 $1. 80 $2. 40 $2. 80 $3. 00 $3. 00 $2. 80 $2. 40 $1. 80 $1. 00 $1. 00 $0. 80 $0. 60 $0. 40 $0. 20 $0 -$0. 20 -$0. 40 -$0. 60 -$0. 80 b. What is Beth’s profit-maximizing price and quantity? Answer: MR = MC at a price of $0. 60 and a quantity of 5 cups. c. At that price, what are Beth’s economic profit and total consumer surplus? Answer: Profit = (P MC) Q = (0. 60 0. 20) 5 = $2. Consumer surplus is reservation price minus actual price for each cup sold: ($1. 00 $0. 60) + ($0. 90 $0. 60) + ($0. 80 $0. 60) + ($0. 70 $0. 60) = $1. d. What price should Beth charge if she wants to maximize total economic surplus? What quantity would she sell? How much would total economic surplus be? Answer: She should set P = MC = $0. 20. Nine (or eight) cups of lemonade would be sold. Total economic surplus is reservation price minus marginal cost for each cup sold: ($1. 00 $0. 20) + ($0. 90 $0. 20) + ($0. 80 $0. 20) + ($0. 70 $0. 20) + ($0. 60 $0. 20) + ($0. 50 $0. 20) + ($0. 40 $0. 20) + ($0. 30 $0. 20) = $3. 60. e. Now suppose Beth can tell the reservation price of each person. What price would she charge each person if she wanted to maximize profit? Compare her profit to the total surplus calculated in part d. Answer: She would charge persons A through I (but not J) their respective reservation prices. Doing so would earn a profit of $3. 60, which is the same as the total economic surplus in part d.

Dickinson College Admissions and Acceptance Rate

Dickinson College Admissions and Acceptance Rate Dickinson College is a somewhat selective schooljust over half of those who apply will not be admitted. Students generally will need solid grades and an impressive resume in order to be accepted to the school. Dickinson uses the Common Application, which students can fill out online. The school is test-optional, meaning that prospective students are not required to submit scores from the SAT or ACT. Require application materials include high school transcripts and letters of recommendation. For updated information, and to start an application, be sure to check out Dickinsons website! Will You Get In? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex Admissions Data (2016) Dickinson College Acceptance Rate: 43%GPA, SAT and ACT graph for DickinsonTop PA colleges SAT score comparison4-year college SAT score comparison4-year college ACT score comparisonTop PA colleges ACT score comparison Dickinson College Description Dickinson College is a highly ranked liberal arts college located in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. The college has an impressive 9 to 1  student / faculty ratio  and an average class size of 15, so students can expect a lot of interaction with the faculty. For its strengths in the liberal arts and sciences, Dickinson College was awarded a chapter of the prestigious  Phi Beta Kappa  Honor Society. Chartered in 1783 and named after a signer of the Constitution, the college has a long and rich history. For student athletes, the Dickinson College Red Devils compete in the NCAA Division III  Centennial Conference. The college fields ten mens and eleven womens intercollegiate sports. They have had over 200 student-athletes named All-American. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 2,420  (all undergraduate)Gender Breakdown: 41% Male / 59% Female98% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17) Tuition and Fees: $51,205Books: $1,130 (why so much?)Room and Board: $12,794Other Expenses: $1,650Total Cost: $66,779 Dickinson College Financial Aid (2015- 16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 78%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 73%Loans: 47%Average Amount of AidGrants: $29,967Loans: $6,110 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Biology, Economics, English, History, International Business, Political Science, Psychology, Public PolicyWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 90%4-Year Graduation Rate: 81%6-Year Graduation Rate: 84% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Football, Swimming, Tennis, Squash, Cross Country, Basketball, Golf, Track and Field, Baseball, Lacrosse, SoccerWomens Sports:  Basketball, Field Hockey, Volleyball, Track and Field, Lacrosse, Softball, Squash, Tennis, Cross Country Data Source National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Dickinson College, You May Also Like These Schools Hamilton College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSwarthmore College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTrinity College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWesleyan University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTufts University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBowdoin College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphColgate University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphConnecticut College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphLafayette College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphVassar College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAmerican University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

From Bookstore to Theater, Turning Your Book into a Movie

From Bookstore to Theater, Turning Your Book into a Movie After years of research, writing and submitting, your book is published. Your dream is a reality. But through the process you had another dream – to see your written words come to life as a movie.   There are two routes to making this possible. Your first option is to find a literary agent to represent your book in the entertainment industry. The industry loves â€Å"IP† (intellectual property). From the Marvel universe to The Hunger Games, this is an industry that â€Å"hungers† for the next big thing, and they prefer to find those through agents.   Agents are flooded with submissions, but if your book has a following, reviews, and positive press, it may be considered for representation. Finding such an agent follows the same path used to find an agent for your book- research. To get a feel for the industry you’ll want to start reading industry trades The Hollywood Reporter and Variety. You should already know aboutIMDb.com (Internet Movie Database), and the monthly subscription toIMDbPro.com has fairly up-to-date contact information (you’ll see who representsSuzanne Collins, author of The Hunger Games).   Identify the agent’s submission policy. It’s all about that first impression. If you are fortunate enough to secure an agent, and they get your work optioned, then the process moves into higher gear.   Generally, you will receive an upfront payment for a specific time period of optioned rights. You may or may not have input into the adaptation of your book into a screenplay. If your book is not produced Your second option is to produce your own movie. This means a substantial learning curve and working with a team of creatives. To start, you adapt your book into a screenplay, which is easier said than done. As a novelist you adjust your thinking because a screenplay only paints what needs to be visualized. Start reading IndieWire.com and FilmmakerMagazine.com for a feel of the industry. Attend film festivals to see independent films come to life.   See if your state has a film office. Through all these new resources you may come across a screenwriter to work with.   The Writers Guild of America is also a wonderful resource. Want to write the screenplay yourself? I highly recommend the software Final Draft. With your script complete, submit to festivals with screenwriting competitions (FilmFreeway.com). Winning nominations and awards validates your screenplay.   Find the right cast and crew, which can be a challenge. Seek out local colleges or universities that offer a film program and castings for independent short and feature films. Volunteer to help on set or, if you’re interested in acting – audition! From there you will learn what happens on a set. Carefully plan your film budgets to include distribution. Shane Carruth’s award winning Primer was produced for $7,000 with a box office gross of over $400,000. Look him up to see where he is now. You probably once thought that publishing a book was just a dream, but there it is in your hands. If you apply the same discipline, determination and patience to the film industry, you may find yourself in a theater watching your book unfold on the silver screen.

Trial book-Advocacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Trial book-Advocacy - Essay Example It commenced on January 23, 2012 and lasted for nine days and closed on February 2, 2012. I witnessed the proceedings from the public gallery and therefore, would comment on the trial as a neutral observer. The hearing on sentencing took place on March 8, 2012 at which I was present.1 In order to protect the right to confidentiality of those involved in the proceedings, their names had been changed. I also had a brief chance to examine the court documents, which were provided to me by the prosecution counsel during the trial. During the trial I had taken some notes which were used for this Trial Book and had also integrated some of my ideas in it to provide it a proper structure and form. The art of storytelling is fundamental to evocative and effective communication to attain the objectives of understanding. An attorney has two chances to communicate to the fact-finder during a trial, through opening and closing arguments. The more persuasive the counsel is in telling the story, the more chances are that the fact-finder will rule in favour of the argument of the advocate.   When advocates use good story telling techniques they will be able to draw the Jury’s attention and make them understand their points clearly. This note highlights three basic storytelling techniques that a practitioner can employ to create his narration of the case, either in opening or closing, more believable. Tell the story or fact of the case in the present tense form, speak in obvious, active English and connect the listener to the course of events. This trial book will look at the daily proceedings in the court and how every process is handled by the concerned, particularly the prosecution and defence counsels. It will also look into detail how each of the counsel has used language and other advocacy techniques and methods in arguing their cases and the impact it had on the case from an overall point of view. Jurors in criminal trials can ask questions, which provide them th e chance to be interactive in a trial. It is also considered as a valuable instrument to get essential clarification of facts and to fill gaps in information, so as to bring out every relevant factors of the case. The jury continually asks questions to confirm information regarding various factors of the case. On the other hand, in some cases, it is seen that jurors do not understand certain aspects of a case, which may lead them to disregard certain information. Advocates must cooperate with other counsels for the timely preparation of a trial proceeding brief of documents in order to assist the management of documentary proof at trial by the court, witness and counsel. Advocate also must be conversant regarding the provisions of the law, their impact on the offence etc. In addition, they should thoroughly prepare for the case with every relevant background details and information. This trial book intends to delineate all these aspects and to illustrate how trial are conducted in c ourts, the procedures and also how effective use of language and rhetoric can make a difference in juror’s decisions and winning a case. Facts of the Case: On July 27, 2011 three defendants are charged with conspiracy to supply a large quantity of cocaine drugs Class A under the law Section 1(1) 1977 in North West London.2 Three people HH, AR, SW were the mainly

Reproductive Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reproductive Rights - Essay Example II. Identification and Evaluation of Ethical Principles of Reproductive Rights Reproductive rights are controversial for several reasons. According to Bellieni and Buonocore (2006), some ethical principles which can be evaluated include: the potential abuse of womens’ bodies in a male-dominated medical profession; the debate over the validity of the embryo being seen as a ‘person,’ with regard to state and federal law; and the fact that studies have shown that in vitro fertilization has shown higher risks of birth defects such as cerebral palsy in children formed as a result of the procedure (pp. 93). Abortion is legal in the U.S., according to federal law. III. The Application of Principles to Ethical Issues with Various Implications One of the main arguments that naysayers usually make with regard to embryonic procedures is that embryos are actually people, and that scientists are ‘playing God’ by creating children in a scientific fashion—som etimes discarding embryos that are damaged, which to some people is unethical because a person’s life is being discontinued.

Detective stories have been very popular from the mid 1900s Essay Example for Free

Detective stories have been very popular from the mid 1900s Essay The victim in The Speckled Band was Helen Stoner and the victim in The Gatewood Caper was Audrey, even though she kidnapped herself. Both the victims in the two stories were women and they had a problem with their fathers. Audreys grudge was mainly due to the loss of her mother. Both of their fathers had towering figures for example Harvey Gatewood is described as: He was a big bruiser of a man, something over 200 pounds of hard red flesh and a czar from the top of his bullet to the toes of his shoes From this description we can see why Audrey had problems with her father, like when he lost his temper what could Audrey do with a man with that physique this also applied to Helen Stoner as Dr Roylott had the same temperament and physique. However, Dr Roylott was a stepfather. Ms Stoner was completely innocent unlike Audrey who took the law into her own hands instead of seeking help which Ms Stoner did. Ms Stoner was the more traditional as she was helpless and frightened of her father unlike Audrey was who kidnapped herself trying to hurt her father and from victim she turned to villain. The villain in The Speckled Band was Dr Roylott and the villain in The Gatewood Caper was Audrey, as well as being the victim. Both of the villains were cunning and smart and they both had motives, but Dr Roylott was the more traditional as he was mean and aggressive. Dr Roylott also had a criminal history as Helen Stoner tells us: He beat his native butler to death, and narrowly escaped a capital sentence. Audrey wanted to hurt her father mentally and financially and had an accomplice, which wasnt traditional as the villain should be alone. The ingredients required to be a villain are present in Dr Roylott and in Audrey as both had quarrels, but unlike Dr Roylott, Audrey didnt commit an evil crime. Audrey just ran away from home because she was sick of being tied to her father Harvey Gatewood. She fooled everyone by claiming to have been kidnapped because she wanted revenge on her father by getting his money, but there was no real harm done. The villain, Dr Roylott in The Speckled Band also added to my enjoyment of the story. Whenever his huge towering figure would arrive in the story I would get so tense and eager because I was worried that his actions would be fatal. This feeling made me feel as though I was inside the story. You couldnt even identify who the victim and villain was in The Gatewood Caper let alone feeling you were a part of the story and there wasnt enough background information which would make it easy to understand. Both the settings in the stories were good and added to the enjoyment of the story. The Gatewood Caper was set in the city in a rich area. However, The Speckled Band setting was more isolated and mysterious and was more eerie as it was set in the countryside in a big mansion which for me is more traditional. The fact that there were gypsies and animals in the set made the story more enjoyable to read. The setting also added to my enjoyment of the story mostly because of the extras like the baboon, cheetah and gypsies which made the setting like an extra character in the story. The whole creepy and unusual feeling about Stoke Moran funnily made the setting more pleasant for me to read. The setting of The Gatewood Caper was good, but it didnt get me involved with the plot. Both stories followed my anticipation of a classic detective story structure. The Speckled Band and The Gatewood Caper had the crime being described at the beginning of the story. The story started with the report of the crime. But in The Speckled Band I didnt discover the problem straight away; I was made to wait for a while which built up suspense, as I was eager to discover the crime. Both stories had a period of uncertainty in the middle of the story where the investigation was proceeding and the detective began to gather evidence. In this section the main similarity between the two stories was the fact that the detective in each story had already solved the crime, but me, being the reader was made to wait until the end of the story to discover the outcome. Both stories also had a period where the case was solved and explained by the detective at the end. The main difference in the structure of the story between the two stories was the fact that unlike The Speckled Band the criminals in The Gatewood Caper were not punished at the end of the story. I also found the structure of The Gatewood Caper hard to follow and confusing at times. Therefore I have chosen The Speckled Bands structure as being the more classic detective structure. The style of writing in The Speckled Band was very detailed, well described and precise. But it moved slowly which led to building up suspense holding my interest. The language was very different, but both were formal and the vocabulary used was of early 1900s. The Speckled Band had been written in Standard English unlike the The Gatewood Caper which was written in American English. The Gatewood Capers style of writing was less detailed, but it moved fast and got to the point quicker than The Speckled Band. Because it moved fast it built up the suspense much quicker, but it wasnt that effective for me. The language was very different from The Speckled Band as it was more modern and used vocabulary from the era we are in now. Overall The Speckled Bands style of writing was more like a classic detectives style of writing. The Gatewood Caper moved and started faster and tended to get to the point quicker, which is the style in which writers like to write these days. The Gatewood Caper was more modern as well as there wouldnt have been a shopping mall in the time of Sherlock Holmes and there were not many agencies in traditional detective stories. The themes raised by The Speckled Band were exactly what I had expected for a traditional detective story. The themes of a classic detective story were very straightforward and The Speckled Band raised all these themes. For instance crime doesnt pay. Dr Roylott didnt fulfil his evil motive by killing Helen Stoner. Good beats evil; Sherlock Holmes was able to unravel the evil truth behind the death of Julia Stoner. The themes raised by The Gatewood Caper were exactly what I didnt expect. Because good and evil were not easy to spot as the themes were not what they seemed and the whole truth doesnt come out. It didnt seem that Audrey got punished and the whole thing was a waste of police time as the only thing which was solved was a family problem. The morals of the story were quite different from what I expected as running away doesnt solve problems is not a theme I would expect in a detective story. The theme raised by The Speckled Band was another reason that made the story more enjoyable to read. The theme raised by The Speckled Band was very common to most detective stories. In normal detective stories you may discover the theme that the guilty are punished after villains are sent to jail, this theme is discovered after a very normal and unimaginative event. But in The Speckled Band this theme was demonstrated after a venomous snake had killed the villain, Dr Roylott, in mysterious circumstances. The way the themes were discovered added to the excitement of the story. Both stories had the same issue of the troubles in relationship between father and daughter. In The Speckled Band Dr Roylott was more violent and bad tempered and even though he was their stepfather he was practically all the girls had. To save his money he killed Julia and attempted to kill Helen. On the other hand in The Gatewood Caper the relationship between father and daughter was less violent as Audrey looked for attention. A classic detective story would have the more violent storyline of The Speckled Band as it is more explosive. This relationship issue made Dr Roylott more of a feared character and this induced more tension, which a classic detective story would want. In every category The Speckled Band obeyed the rules applied to a classic detective story. The themes raised by The Speckled Band were identical to themes raised by a classical detective story. Like a traditional detective story The Speckled Band identified the hero, villain, and victim very clearly and they were very simple to follow. The Gatewood Caper was unable to do this even at the end of the story I was struggling to identify the villain and victim in the story, as there were two possibilities. For some people this is an enjoyment and they like reading this type of story, but for me I was lost in finding the villain or victim that I couldnt understand the story. I personally preferred The Speckled Band rather than The Gatewood Caper, and there are multiple reasons for this. I found the plot of The Speckled Band extremely entertaining and that it was wrapped up at the end. This is because events such as the snake built up suspense which made me eager to read on. The plot events were enjoyable to read because it was easy to build up a picture from the description. There were far more dramatic events full of suspense and drama in The Speckled Band rather than The Gatewood Caper which had a lot less description. The main reasons I believe I personally preferred The Speckled Band was better because the story had the ability to include interesting characters by using great description. It included many exciting events which built up suspense making me eager to read on and find out what happened. It also included puzzles and mysteries for me to solve during the story. All these factors fulfilled a description of a classic detective story. The Speckled Band was like a classic detective story which is why I preferred this story to The Gatewood Caper story. To what extent did The Speckled Band and Gatewood Caper match the expectations of a traditional detective story ?

Making Money When the Market is Mistaken! :: essays research papers

Making Money When the Market is Mistaken! Part 1.) I did my program review on a one-hour show I watched straight through. It was called, â€Å"Making Money when the Market is Mistaken.† The lead man basically running the show was Conrad De Aenlle. He is also a writer for the New York Times and is an expert on making money. The show was basically on Stocks and how J.P. Morgan runs their company. Now nobody has ever gone broke by thinking others where stupid. There are many managers that work for J.P. Morgan and many of them agree that there is good money to be made underestimating others ability to get the job done right. Now what does that mean? Sounds wrong to me, I was taught to never underestimate others. Now during the entire show they would focus in on this point and try to prove that J.P. Morgan could and would make me money off others mistakes. The funds in most companies are run according to principles of behavioral finance, which means they are run according to behavior repetition. They believe that people are illogical, yet predictable. Followers of this approach do not ignore the nuts and bolts of business - profits, sales, cash flow and so forth. Basically all the functions of the daily business, But they say that investors consistently have errors in evaluating such information, and that professional portfolio managers, wink, wink (J.P. Morgan) can profit from the ways that others make mistakes. Conrad would constantly remind the viewers that he was a part of J.P. Morgan and he was trying to make me money. "Traditional finance theory tells us markets are efficient and rational," said Silvio Tarca, one of the managers of the Morgan funds and one of two people interview live on the show. And basically she says that human behavior leads to irrational decisions and that J.P. Morgan makes a lot of money off of and so should you or me. People when wrapped up in the stock investment life, start to invest based on feelings and emotions instead of logically reasoning. She said J.P. Morgan is practicing sociology instead of just stock investments to become a step ahead of everybody else. The five Morgan portfolios sold under their own brand all produced better than the Standard & Poor 500-stock index over the 12 months through March. Which would mean their theory is working. The flagship Intrepid America a stock of J.

Developing a Product

The business I am studying is called ‘Rocco's Pizza'. Rocco's Pizza was established in 1980 and is a franchise whose stores are located in Bristol, Southampton, Surrey and Camberley. The store I am studying is Located in Greenford – London. Rocco's Pizza mainly sells low – medium quality pizza. As well as pizza, they sell other appetisers such as garlic bread, chips, chicken wings, ice cream and soft drinks. Rocco's pizza has their own online store (http://www.roccospizza.co.uk) in which customers can place there order and get it delivered, or have it collected in stores. The main product the shop sells is a pizza. Before the pizza is made, the employee has to make the dough which is made from flour mixed into water. The size of the dough depends on the size the customer order. They come is a variety of sizes from 7 inches (small) to 15 inches (extra large). Once the dough is made, they flatten it out into a circular shape and add the basic cheese and tomato sauce. They then add a variety of topping which is decided by the customer such as Pepperoni, Chicken, Mushrooms, Sweetcorn, Bacon etc. They come with a choice of crust: deep pan – a thick crust that goes around the edges of the pizza or no crust. Once the raw pizza is made, it is put into the oven. While it is in the oven, the pizza rises, the cheese melts and the toppings are cooked. After it is cooked, it is immediately put into a box so it is kept freshed and is either delivered to the customer or given to them in store. The shop I am studying is located next to a school. This is a very good location as the students are likely to go out for their lunch and having a fast food restaurant next to a school would mean the student are more likely to go there. However they face competitors with other fast food restaurants nearby such as 2in1 Pizza, Lahore Spice and Harry's Fish Bar. Their competitors are a major concern as they're located closer to the school which make the students more likely to go there them rather than their shop. Form and Function: Form is the appearance of an item – what it looks like. For example the form of a football is a sphere. Aesthetic is the beauty of a product – people buy the product based on its look for example a piece of art. The form the dough of the pizza before it is cooked is a pale colour and has a circular shape once it's flattened out. After the pizza has been baked in the oven, it rises and the colour of the crust turns from a pale colour to a brown colour. The toppings, along with the cheese, on the pizza become cooked and the colours become darker. The form of the box is a cuboid. It is made from cardboard with information on it written from ink. The lid of the box tucks inside so it is easy to open and it leaves minimum opened space so it is kept fresh for longer. It is small and compact so the pizza doesn't move around inside. The function of a product is what it does. For example the function of USB flash drive is to store and back up files. The main function of the pizza is to be eaten by customers. It also has to look and smell good so it would attract to the customer. The main reason why people eat is to satisfy their need to eat. Another reason why they eat it is for its taste. The function of the box of the pizza is to keep the box fresh. It also advertises the business i.e. through its logo and it gives instructions on how to reheat the pizza. Another thing the box does is it informs the customers of the business such as contact details. The box has flaps on the inside to support the lid. The dough on the pizza is rough when it's made but once it's rolled out, it has a smooth feel. Flour is put on it so it doesn't stick to the surface when it's being rolled out and can be easily removed after it has been baked. Once it has been baked, it has a softer texture which mainly due to the pizza being raised. The cheese also has a softer texture because it has been melted. The toppings on the pizza and the base turn darker as it has been cooked. Quality of Materials: Rocco's Pizza buys their materials from JJ Food. They buy it from here as they provide a range of different materials such as packaging and ingredients. They chose to buy from their as they're relatively cheap and also provide to other fast food retails such as ‘Ali's Fast Food' and ‘Chicken Ranch'. However, not all of their products are bought from JJ Food. For example, they buy their sweetcorn from retailers such as Tescos as it is more convenient for them Rocco's Pizza uses medium quality materials. They use this as they want to provide their customers with a good service whilst making as much profit as possible at the same time. If they used high quality materials, they would have to charge a higher price for the pizza which may lose customers. If they used low quality materials the customers won't be satisfied and my never go there again. The ingredients involved in making a basic pizza are: flour, cheese, tomato sauce and the extra topping decided by the customer. These again are all medium as they can't afford to purchase high quality materials. The basic ingredients: Flour – This is used to make the base of the pizza. The base is use to hold the rest of the toppings. Pizza- Normally small fast food restaurant would buy their pizza sauce from JJ food or from a supermarket; but according to the questionnaire Rocco's Pizza filled out, they use their own special sauce which they make themselves Cheese- The cheese is poured on top of the pizza and is grated so it can be scattered around the pizza. Selection of topping in which the customers can choose from: The toppings they have are: Pepperoni, Ham, Mushrooms, Onions, Green Peppers, Tomato Beef, Pork, Smoky Bacon, BBQ Sauce, Chicken Chunks, Prawns, Tuna, Anchovies, Pineapple, Jalapenos, sweetcorn, and Mexican Beans. Rocco's Pizza allows their customers to choose from a selection of topping as they don't want them restricted the choices of pizza they provide. Also, because different people like a different combinations of toppings. Customer Service: Customer service is the services the business provides for its customers. Different business offer different services as they have different budgets. For example Tesco can offer more services such as delivery unlike a local retailer. Rocco's Pizza offers these types of services to its customers to enhance their reputation as there a competitors nearby i.e. 2in1 Pizza. They also want their customers to be satisfied so they will want to shop there again Rocco's Pizza's offers a variety of services to its customers. One of these is free delivery however to be eligible for this, the order must be à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½8.99 or more. Delivery is only available around limited areas as it would cost them a lot if they were to deliver to wider areas. Delivery can be done over the phone or at the counter at the customer's convenience. It can even be done online. This is useful as they customer can change what they're purchasing before they've ordered it. If they did this over the phone, they could cause annoyance to the staff. It also allows them to view the menu so they can see any special offers available Delivery is offers so they can get a wider audience. If they didn't offer it, their only customers will be the local people however, since they do offer delivery, customers who don't live so close can order from them at the convenience of their own homes and get it delivered to them for free. Rocco's Pizza allows their customer to pay via debit or credit card. This is convenient for their customers as they don't have to carry around money with them when buying from the shop. They can also control the amount they spend as is they pay with cash; the customers may have some change left over and spend it on other stuff. Paying via credit/debit card can be done in stores through the credit card reader. Rocco's Pizza can't offer return on purchases because it is food. It can only be returned if there is something faulty with the pizza for example if a hair is found in there; however this is a very rare occurrence. If there is something faulty with the pizza such as if the wrong toppings are put on, then they can either offer the customer with a refund or a freshly baked new pizza. Rocco's Pizza gives their customers offers to attract them. They have 4 deals in which they provide to their customers: 1. Buy any medium pizza and you can get the 2nd, up to the same value, for à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.00 2. Buy any Large Pizza and get the 2nd, up to the same value, for à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.00 3. Buy a medium Margherita with up to 5 toppings, with Garlic Sticks or Garlic Bread, a portion of Potato Wedges and 2 cans of soft drink for à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12.49 4. Buy A Large Margherita with up to 5 toppings, with Garlic Sticks or Garlic Bread, Hot Wings or BBQ Wings and a 1.5 litre soft drink for à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15.99 The waiting time at Rocco's Pizza is average. The delivery time is roughly 30 minutes as they have to make the pizza and deliver it to the customer's house. If there are delays, the customers may get frustrated and may never shop their again. They may even refuse to take it a demand for a refund. If people aren't satisfied with their customer service they're providing for example the waiting time is long, then they could complain to the manager. However it is not always bad as they can take the complaints as feedback and improve from it. Resources: Physical: Like every other business, Rocco's Pizza needs a building in order to start selling. This is put on land. They use a lot of resources in the day-to-day running. One example of a resource they use is an oven. They use this to bake the pizza. They have around three to four of these as it speeds up if there are a few people ordering a pizza at the same time. They also need a kitchen in the building to make the pizza. The kitchen is also used to wash any dishes such as pizza trays and cups. The shop front is separate from the kitchen and is used to serve the customers. Rocco's Pizza has their own delivery vehicle. It is used to deliver pizza to the customers' house. The delivery vehicle has to have enough fuel to last enough deliveries otherwise the customers will get frustrated. Rocco's Pizza use a car over a motorbike as it is less likely to get spoilt. However unlike a car, a motorbike can get through traffic more easily and get to the customers house quicker. The tools required to make pizza: Pizza cutter – This is used to cut the pizza into even slices. It goes from one edge of the pizza to the opposite. The number of times it is done depends on the size of the pizza for example, if it is a 7 inch pizza, it would be cut 2 times making 4 even slices whereas if it was a large 12 inch pizza, it would be cut 6 times making 12 even slices. A separate cutter is used for vegetarian pizzas and non-vegetarian pizzas so no trace of meat gets passed. Oven – This appliance is used to bake the pizza in. The person who operates it, sets the temperature and waits till the pizza has finished baking. The over would have a see-through glass on it so the staff can see whether it's cooked or not. Rocco's Pizza would have around 3 – 4 of these in their shop as they can make more pizzas if there are a few people ordering at the same time. Pizza tray- The pizza tray has 2 purposes. One of these purposes is a mould. The staff can place the pizza base inside the try so they can get the exact size of it. For example, if a customer ordered a small 7 inch pizza, the staff would get the 7 inch tray and place the pizza base on it so they can get a perfect 7 inch pizza. This is useful as they don't have to waste time measuring in out themselves. The other purpose of the pizza tray is to hold everything together whilst it is being baked in the oven. Rolling pin – This is used to flatten out the dough into the pizza base before it is placed on the pizza tray. Human: Human resources and the people used to make an item. The main person who works at Rocco's Pizza is the manager. He is the person in charge of the business and chooses who to employ. He also makes major decision such as what the money is going to be spent on. Rocco's Pizza tries to minimise the amount of employees they have in order to make a bigger profit. There a different types of staffs who work at Rocco's Pizza. One example is the person who works at the shop front operating the till. They take the customer's order, take their money and give them their change and receipt. Another employee who works at Rocco's Pizza is the kitchen staff/chef. This staffs makes the pizza based on the customer's order. The final staff that work there are the delivery people. These people take the order and deliver it to the customer's house The staffs are given training in order to perform their role better. For example the staff that operates at the till will be given training on how to work the till faster making waiting queues shorter. The kitchen staff would be given training on hygiene and the delivery people would be given training on taking different (shorter) routes so they can get to the customers houses quicker. Financial: Financial resources are the fund which is available to the business which is used to run and make a product. According to the questionnaire, Rocco's Pizza needed à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100,000 to start up. The used two sources of finance – internal and external to gather the money: The internal sources of finance they use, is retained profit. This is the profit made the business in which the owner invested back in. This source of finance is useful for Rocco's Pizza as they don't have to pay back interest on it and they have the cash immediately there however the money could be used for other reason such for the owners own personal use. One external sources of finance they use, is a loan. This is when they borrow money from the bank and pay it back with regular instalment with interest added on. The advantage of using this is that they can borrow how much they need whenever they want but they must pay back interest and it could take some time to get the loan approved. The finance used by Rocco's Pizza is used for many purposes. The main reasons they use it is to buy the materials from JJ Food. They buy it in bulks as they get it at a discounted price. This is good for Rocco's Pizza as they get it cheaper and it is good for JJ Foods as they're getting a large order. Another way in which they use the finance is to pay the employee's wages. This is their major expenditure so they have to only get the right number of employees as they're not a very large business. Rocco's Pizza Also uses the finance available to expand on their business. For example they can buy more hi-tech equipment like a better oven. They can also use it to expand on the building itself as it is relatively small. Rocco's Pizza has the tough challenge of paying bills. They have to pay bills for water, electricity, heating, lighting and the worse of them all, business tax. They have to try and minimise any wasted resources in order to reduce bills. A way in which they could do this is by turning of the lights and radiators when they're not in use. A computer is an important financial resource to Rocco's Pizza. It is important to them as it is used to draw up financial data such as cash flow forecasts, budgets, profit & loss accounts and balance sheets. They can use this data to see how well their business if doings convince bank manager to take out a loan should they require one. Materials: The material resources are the equipments needed to make an item. For hygienic reasons, the staffs at Rocco's Pizza have to wear equipment while they are making the pizza. An example of an equipment wear is hairnets. This goes over the head and is used to prevent any hair pieces from falling on to the pizza. They also wear rubber gloves when preparing the pizza to stop and dirt or bacteria from spreading. This is used as a precaution when though the employees wash their hand before they are making pizza. Rocco's pizza has a computer located in their store which has many purposes. One of which is to order stock from JJ Food. They use the computer to select the amount of quantity they want and to enter their shipping and contact details. Another reason they use a computer is to design and print out their leaflets. They would use a software like Microsoft Word as it has a variety of features such as word art and a wide selection of fonts. They also have a till which is used to calculate the customer's order and is also used to print out their receipts. The till also contains change in which the cashier has to give to the customer if they don't have any change.

German Expressionism Essay

German expressionism is one of the most fundamental movements of early cinema. With its basic foundation stemming from the creation of the Universum Film AG in 1917 by the German government, expressionism found a happy home in Germany until, arguably the late 1920s (Wolf). Expressionism changed the canvas of cinema with its technical innovations as well as its impact on Hollywood, not only with its borrowing of ideas, but with the emigration of German actors, writers, and directors to Hollywood, such as Murnau and his creation of Sunrise (Welsh, 98). American films at the same time as this movement in Germany were based in realism, with very distinct ideas of good and bad, comedy, and aesthetics. German film was seen as highly compound, with thick, perplexing stories that were more solicitous instead of being superficial. The notable works from this movement have been time tested references to the rise of cinema, and have been looked upon for reference in film genres in later years not only because of the innovation and place in history, but also for the overt artistic styling that has been difficult to match since. It seems as though German cinema, almost all together must be discussed in its own category. Just as French cinema, historically speaking, Germany has seemed to keep at least a somewhat independent cinema culture from that of Hollywood and its beginnings are either independent from Hollywood or influencing for the most part. Although its beginnings were earlier, â€Å"†¦the period roughly between 1897 and 1908, motion pictures in Germany had graduated from a side-show novelty to a fast developing form, if not of art, then certainly of popular entertainment† (Figge, 308). By 1909, however, hundreds of new cinemas were offering longer and more cohesive programs†, which laid the groundwork for the progressive technical explosion that was the Expressionist movement (Figgins, 308). Germany reached a height in silent cinema in the 1920s, the time after World War I (Wexman 38). This was a national time of crisis with most of the culpability of the Great War being put on Germany not only politically, but more enduringly and impactfully, economically; this created discord in the sociopolitical environment. Due to such social upheaval, film as seen as an expression of â€Å"counter activity† to the state of affairs in Germany (Wexman, 38). German expressionism is one of the more major film movements which helped mold the face of early cinema, and has had enduring impacts on the horror genre, film noir and is even seen trickling into modern day cinema. The innovations that came along with this movement are astounding, especially given the modicum of improvement in physical film itself, which one could argue, were brought about by the mass creative and artistic movement expressionism fundamentally is. Some of these technical aspects include a highly subjective and dynamic camera, design innovations including staging and set designs, and being the first movement to actually implement scripting of films (Dilman). Telltale signs of expressionism are the use of backlighting to create a sense of dimensionality and montage, and splicing the film together to make the story be more seamless and continuous, which was also a style used by the Soviet film movement (Figge, 313). Some of the indications of expressionism seem to be the anti-heroism, the complex philosophical and psychological plots and primarily urban settings. The scenes are intentionally shot to look staged, creating an alternate reality on screen with its highly geometric scapes, tilted stages, clashing vertical and horizontal lines and overshadowing. Indeed as Warm said, Expressionist film is art come to life (Wexman). Historical and mythological themes are very telling of this movement, as are abstract story lines that seem philosophically or psychologically provoking, fantastic ideas, and â€Å"careful visual patterns† (Wexman 40). Mythology obviously had an influence on Metropolis, as the machine in the film turns from robot into a pagan god, demanding the sacrifice of the workers. This constructs the notion that the machine is more important than the lives of the machinists, the way urban culture existed in the moment, machine is more important than man; progress is the most important idea in society, replacing a sense of community and order of nature. This idea of a crisis of modernity influenced many films in Germany throughout the 1920s. The idea of urban life being pitted against rural life is the subject of Sunrise, giving the audience the choice between the naive and desirable maternal figure in opposition to the fast, dark, evil â€Å"Vamp† woman from the city, embodying urban culture and its certain destruction of current livelihood. This again reiterates the theme of the unavoidable but unwanted nature of modern, urban life in opposition to the much-desired rural, complacently comfortable setting that was more trusting. The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari is seen as the height of expressionism (Welsh, 98). Without exaggerating, it is impossible to discuss expressionism without discussing Caligari, not just for the film advancements, but because it seems to be one of the most artistically set films of the time as well as being one of the truly first expressionist films to be made (although it is not the first), Caligari was, in an important sense, a blind alley for German films of this period, because it sought its identity outside the inherent possibilities of the film medium. In spite of the use of irises, medium shots, and crosscutting, it remains essentially theatrical†¦The point is significant, because at this time the question was being asked, ‘What can the movies do that the theatre can not do? ’ Caligari provided no clear answer to this challenge. (Figgins, 310-311) All of the characters are highly psychological, some being downright neurotic. This can be evidenced by the blurring of the lines of good and evil, the questioning of sanity and the feeling of helplessness of the main characters in the film, most notably, the Somnambulist who has absolutely no control over his doing. By being out of control, he can be seen as evading all of his worldly responsibilities, one can excuse his behavior (read: murdering of innocent townspeople) because it is not he who has the intention, but rather is being compelled into this anti-social behavior. With this in mind, it is easy to see expressionism being a symptomatic artistic release, emerging out of a post-war world turned upside down, where one must question their morals due to justification of war (especially because Germany was involved with unrestricted submarine warfare during World War I), and coming to terms with shouldering the majority of the responsibility for the casualties. Themes of expressionism carried over into Hollywood’s birth of the American horror genre of the 1930s, with it’s expressionist camera angles, movements, overly dramatic makeup and lighting, fantastic subjects and the feeling of chaos, a sense that the world in spinning out of control. Many of these themes have seemed to have lasting impacts, and were characteristic of many Alfred Hitchcock films. While Hitchcock favored tight scenes, he still preferred to give the audience a sense of unease with his camera movements, creatures, and most definitely, chaos. However, it is certain that Hitchcock is more characteristically modernist, with his angles and restoration of the disharmony of his films. Film Noir is another genre that seemingly stemmed out of expressionism. The use of stark contrasts of shadows and the obscurity of faces and landscapes is showing of expressionist qualities. The disorientation brought on by the camera direction style also echoes the disorientation, which was popular in the movement. The protagonists seem to be flawed, which is also a mirrored quality, exemplified by the main character in Sunrise, who has no issue initially with his infidelity or thoughts of murdering his wife to be able to be with the Vamp from the city. The urban settings of Noir films also seem to be reminiscent of German film themes of the 1920s (Naremore 12, 26). In fact, one might argue that Film Noir is basically expressionism revisited, keeping in line with most of the expressionist qualities, save the more stark landscapes and police themed-ness of the melodramas. Modern day directors still use themes and techniques associated with the Expressionist movement. Most notably and obviously would be the ever famous Tim Burton, where commonalities and homage exist heavily. For instance, it can be argued that Gotham City in Burton’s creation of Batman was modeled after the city in Metropolis, and his theme of the corrupt city is reminiscent of Sunrise. It is hard not to see the similarities of the character Edward from Edward Scissorhands and the somnambulist from The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari from the inception of the character on the screen, in the major aspects. Most likely, expressionism will seep into cinema either subtly or overtly for many years to come. German expressionism can be seen as being the influencer of genres, groundbreaking creator of overly artistic production, and arguably the art of horror film. This movement itself has helped spawn the rise of other genres and movements, and has been looked upon for stylistic and creative (admittedly sometimes hyper-creative) reference in film genres in later years due to the innovation and canvas that was created in service of the period. Indeed, German expressionism is a major film movement which helped mold the face of early cinema, but one cannot contain the ideas and art that came from this movement into the years of the 1920s and 1930s as the impact it left is seen in many later genres and generations, the horror genre, film noir and modern day cinema.

Alien Registration Records

Alien Registration Records Alien registration records are an excellent source of family history information on U.S. immigrants who were not naturalized citizens. Record Type: Immigration/Citizenship Location: United States Time Period: 1917-1918 and 1940-1944 What are Alien Registration Records?: Aliens (non-citizen residents) living in the United States were asked during two different historical periods to register with the U.S. Government. World War I Alien Registration RecordsFollowing the beginning of United States involvement in World War I, all resident aliens who had not been naturalized, were required, as a security measure, to register with the U.S. Marshal nearest their place of residence. A failure to register risked interment or possible deportation. This registration occurred between November 1917 and April 1918. WWII Alien Registration Records, 1940-1944The Alien Registration Act of 1940 (also known as the Smith Act) required the fingerprinting and registration of any alien age 14 and older living within or entering the United States. These records were completed from August 1, 1940 to March 31, 1944 and document over 5 million non-citizen residents of the United States during this period. What Can I Learn From Alien Registration Records?: 1917-1918: The following information was generally collected: Full name (including maiden name for females)Current residence and length of residencePlace of birthSpouse’s name and residenceChildren’s names, sex, and years of birthParents’ names (including maiden name for mother), birthdates, and birthplacesNames, dates of birth, and current residence of siblingsWhether any male relatives serving in the military for/against USWhether registered for selective draftPrevious military or government serviceDate of immigration, name of vessel and port of arrivalWhether naturalized in another country Whether reported/registered with a consul since 1 June 1914Whether applied for naturalization or took out first papers; if yes, when and whereWhether ever taken an oath of allegiance other than to the United StatesWhether ever arrested or detained on any chargeWhether held a permit to enter a forbidden areaSignaturePhotographDescription of registrantFull set of fingerprints 1940-1944: The two-page Alien Registration Form (AR-2) asked for the following information: NameName at time of entry to the USOther names usedAddressDate and place of birthCitizenship/NationalityGenderMarital statusRace Height WeightHair Eye ColorDate, port, vessel and class of admission of last arrival in USDate of first arrival in USNumber of years in the USUsual occupationPresent occupationName, address and business of present employerMembership in clubs, organizations or societiesDates and nature of military or naval serviceWhether citizenship papers were filed and if so the date, place, and courtNumber of relatives living in the USArrest record, including date, place and dispositionWhether or not affiliated with a foreign governmentSignatureFingerprintNot all registrants provided all information. Where Can I Get Alien Registration Records?: WWI Alien Registration files are scattered, and the majority are no longer extant. Existing files can often be found in state archives and similar repositories. Existing WWI alien registration records for Kansas; Phoenix, Arizona (partial); and St. Paul, Minnesota can be searched online. Other alien registration records are available in offline repositories, such as the 1918 Minnesota Alien Registration records at the Iron Range Research Center in Chisholm, MN. Check with your local or state genealogial society to learn what WWI alien registration records might be available for your area of interest. WWII Alien Registration (AR-2) files are available on microfilm from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and can be obtained through a Genealogy Immigration Records Request. Unless you have the actual alien registration number from an alien registration card in your familys possession, or from a passenger list or naturalization document, you will want to begin by requesting a Genealogy Index Search. Important: Alien Registration Forms AR-2 are only available for A-numbers 1 million to 5 980 116, A6 100 000 to 6 132 126, A7 000 000 to 7 043 999, and A7 500 000 to 7 759 142. If the subject of your request was born less than 100 years before the date of your request, you are generally required to provide documentary proof of death with your request. This might include a death certificate, a printed obituary, a photograph of the tombstone, or other document demonstrating that the subject of your request is deceased. Please submit copies of these documents, not originals, as they will not be returned. Cost: Alien registration records (AR-2 forms) requested from USCIS cost $20.00, including shipping and photocopies. A genealogy index search is an additional $20.00. Please check the USCIS Genealogy Program for the most current pricing information. What to Expect: No two Alien Registration Records are alike, nor are specific answers or documents guaranteed to be in each case file. Not all aliens answered every question. Turn-around time to receive these records averages about three to five months, so prepare to be patient.

Analysis And Usage Of Cams And Their Followers Engineering Essay

Analysis And Usage Of Cams And Their Followers Engineering Essay A cam follower, also known as a track follower,[1] is a specialized type of roller or needle bearing designed to follow cams. Cam followers come in a vast array of different configurations, however the most defining characteristic is how the cam follower mounts to its mating part; stud style cam followers use a stud while the yoke style has a hole through the middle.[2] The first cam follower was invented and patented in 1937 by Thomas L. Robinson of the McGill Manufacturing Company.[3] It replaced using just a standard bearing and bolt. The new cam followers were easier to use because the stud was already included and they could also handle higher loads.[ / CAM AND MECHANISMS A cam mechanism consists of three elements: the cam, the follower (or follower system), and the frame. The follower is in direct contact with the cam. The cam may be of various shapes. The follower system includes all of the elements to which motion is imparted by the cam. This may be connected directly to the follower, or connected through linkages and gearing. The frame of the machine supports the bearing surfaces for the cam and for the follower. A CAM changes the input motion, which is usually rotary motion (a rotating motion), to a reciprocating motion of the follower. They are found in many machines and toys WHAT IS THE CONCEPT BEHIND CAM? A CAM is a rotating machine element which gives reciprocating or oscillating motion to another element known as follower. The cam and follower has a point or line contact constitute a higher pair or you can say that it is the mechanicl component of a machine that is used to transmit the motion to the another component of the machine called the follower, through a prescribed program by direct contact.The contact between them is maintained by an external force which is generally provided by the spring or sometimes by the weight of the follower itself ,when it is sufficient. Cam is the driver member and the follower is the driven member. The followe r is in direct contact with the cam. CAM MECHANISM CONSIST OF THREE MECHANISMS CAM:It may be of many shapes FOLLOWER: It includes all the elements to which motion is imparted by the cam.This may be connected directly by the cam.This may be connected directly to the follower, or connected through linkages and gearing. FRAME: The frame of the machine supports the bearing surfaces for the cam and for the follower. APPLICATIONS OF CAM AND FOLLOWERS Cam and follower are widely used for operating inlet and exhaust valve of I C engine. These are used in wall clock. These are used in feed mechanism of automatic lathe Machine. These are used in paper cutting machine. Used in weaving textile machineries. The cam mechanism is a versatile one. It can be designed to produce almost unlimited types of motioning the follower. It is used to transform a rotary motion into a translating or oscillating motion. On certain occasions, it is also used to transform one translating or oscillating motion into a different translating or oscillating motion.

Interpersonal Communication Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interpersonal Communication Skills - Essay Example With the innovation in the era of technology, it is exigent to grasp, memorize, espouse rapidly and the usage of effective communication. One is required to furnish leadership in its growth, for the interest of time, cultivation, evolution and accountability. It is also significant to fathom that communication through various mechanisms, contraption and modes gives different defiance and ruminations. It is through conversation that individual's memorizing principles and policies and the growth of shared meaning associated within the citizenry of rules and observance. Dialogue empowered communicants to reconnoiter their identity within the community, employed in conventions, make drift of their experiences, and cultivate a feeling of intimacy. Conversation helps the participants to enhance the chronicle of the locale and each individual appendage of that locale, which furnished a varied magnitude to their own growth. Finally, this authorized the participants to scrutinize the connotation they deduce of their surveillance and co-operations vis--vis the individual, the community, and the profession.